Cusco, the historic capital of the Inca Empire, is perched at an altitude of around 3,400 meters (11,200 feet) above sea level. While its breathtaking scenery and rich cultural heritage make it a must-visit destination, the high altitude can catch travelers off guard. Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (a condition that occurs when you can’t get enough oxygen from the air at high altitudes), is common among visitors, especially if they’re not used to such heights. But with a few simple precautions, you can enjoy everything Cusco has to offer without missing a beat!
Why Preparing for the High Altitude in Cusco is Important
Cusco’s high altitude means the air is thinner, containing less oxygen than you’re used to at sea level. For some, this can lead to symptoms like headaches, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and nausea—symptoms of altitude sickness. While the condition affects everyone differently, adjusting properly before and during your stay is key to making the most of your trip.
Understanding the risks and taking preventative steps will not only help you avoid altitude sickness but also ensure you have the energy and stamina to explore Cusco’s fascinating landmarks and nearby attractions like Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley.
How to Prepare for Cusco’s High Altitude
1. Acclimatize Slowly
One of the best ways to prevent altitude sickness is to give your body time to adjust. If possible, fly into a lower-altitude city, like Lima, and spend a night or two there before traveling to Cusco. Another option is to start your trip in the nearby Sacred Valley, which sits at a slightly lower altitude than Cusco (around 2,800 meters or 9,200 feet). Spending a couple of days in the Sacred Valley will allow you to ease into the altitude more gradually.
Once in Cusco, take it easy for the first day or two. Resist the urge to dive into physical activities right away, and allow your body to adjust at its own pace.
2. Stay Hydrated
Dehydration can worsen the symptoms of altitude sickness, so it’s important to drink plenty of water before and during your trip. High altitudes tend to have dry air, which can lead to quicker dehydration. Aim to drink more water than usual, but avoid excessive amounts of alcohol or caffeine, as both can contribute to dehydration and worsen your symptoms.
In Cusco, locals often recommend drinking coca tea (made from coca leaves), which is believed to help with altitude adjustment. While it doesn’t prevent or cure altitude sickness, many travelers find it soothing, and it can help with hydration. Just be aware that coca leaves are a natural stimulant, so limit your intake if you’re sensitive to caffeine-like effects.
3. Eat Light, Nourishing Meals
At higher altitudes, your digestion can slow down, making heavy meals more difficult to process. Stick to light, nutritious foods, especially during your first couple of days in Cusco. Avoid fatty or overly rich meals that could make you feel sluggish. Instead, focus on fruits, vegetables, and foods rich in carbohydrates, which provide quick energy for your body.
There are plenty of local dishes to enjoy in Cusco, such as quinoa soup, which is both light and nourishing, and trout ceviche. These meals will provide you with energy without being too heavy on your stomach.
4. Consider Altitude Medication
For travelers who are particularly concerned about altitude sickness, prescription medications like acetazolamide (commonly sold as Diamox) can help reduce symptoms. This medication works by speeding up your body’s acclimatization process, allowing you to adjust to the altitude more quickly. Speak with your doctor before your trip to see if it’s right for you.
Alternatively, some local pharmacies in Cusco offer over-the-counter remedies for altitude sickness, such as soroche pills, which contain a mix of natural ingredients to help with symptoms. While these can provide relief, they shouldn’t replace proper acclimatization and hydration.
5. Pace Yourself with Activities
When you arrive in Cusco, it can be tempting to jump into exploring the city’s incredible sights right away, but this could leave you feeling worse if your body hasn’t yet adapted to the altitude. Take it slow for the first couple of days—rest, hydrate, and enjoy leisurely walks around the city’s beautiful plazas and markets. Avoid strenuous hikes or long walks until you’re sure your body has adjusted.
Gradually increase your activity level as you start to feel more comfortable with the altitude. You’ll be better prepared for more intense adventures, like trekking to Rainbow Mountain or exploring the ruins at Sacsayhuamán, once your body has acclimatized.
What You Should Know About Altitude Sickness
Symptoms: Altitude sickness can start to set in within the first 6 to 24 hours of reaching a high altitude. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath, and trouble sleeping. If symptoms persist or worsen, such as severe headaches or difficulty breathing, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.
When to descend: If you experience severe symptoms that don’t improve with rest and hydration, it may be necessary to descend to a lower altitude to recover. This is rare but important to be aware of if your symptoms become unmanageable.
How long to acclimatize: Most travelers need about 2-3 days to fully acclimatize to Cusco’s altitude. Taking it slow, staying hydrated, and getting enough rest will help ensure a smooth adjustment.
Conclusion
Cusco is an unforgettable destination, but the high altitude can pose challenges if you’re not prepared. By taking time to acclimatize, staying hydrated, and pacing yourself, you can minimize the risk of altitude sickness and fully enjoy the wonders of this historic city. Whether you’re exploring ancient Inca ruins, strolling through colorful markets, or preparing for the trek to Machu Picchu, these tips will help ensure that your trip is safe, enjoyable, and memorable.
With the right preparation, Cusco’s altitude won’t stand in the way of an incredible adventure. So pack your bags, breathe deeply, and get ready to explore the heart of the Inca Empire! 🌄
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